Science Reflection Paper Essay Example

Science Reflection Paper Essay Reflection paper Sci-114 In this reflection paper I will address the elements of the course that I found most challenging, the areas which informed my understanding of an aspect of Earth science with what I already knew and list the areas I would have liked to have explored more in depth. In addition to this reflection paper I will address the concerns of global warming as well. The most challenging part of the course by far was the virtual lab work. My problems with the virtual labs were that to solve a problem from the paper wasn’t very assessable all the time. Some of the questions were a little tricky and navigating through the browser wasn’t always simple. I did however appreciate the assignment instruction sheets you printed off weekly to help further explain what exactly we needed to do in depth. A topic area of the class that I was already familiar with, but was informed with more in details was the topic of sever weather. I’ve never really understood air masses, lake-effect snow, fonts/formations cyclones before. Having to research and do presentations on server weather broaden my knowledge and understanding on this area which will be beneficial moving forward. The area in this course in which I would have liked to have explored more on would have to be plate tectonics and the natural catastrophes caused by them. I did get the basic general understanding of plate tectonics, but could have used just a bit more insight on them to familiarize myself a little more. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Reflection Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Science Reflection Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Science Reflection Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The potential effects of global warming can be devastating. Global warming shows no sign of cooling down and will continue to cause problems here on earth as it’s already have. Average temperatures have already climbed 1. 4 degrees since 1980 and are climbing. The artic areas are feeling the effects the most with temperatures that have risen nearly twice the global warming average. Global warming will bring more server weather such as wildfires, heat waves and tropical storms if we continue to ignore this serious issue.

Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Example

Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Example Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay A number of notable technological innovations have taken place between the years 1860-1870 in the United States. In the sphere of communications, a major development was the completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line across North America by Western Union in 1861 (Western Union 2009). Moreover, in 1866, after several failed attempts, the Transatlantic Cable was laid that connected Europe and North America. Before this landmark event, the fastest communication between the two continents had taken at least a week; after the cable was laid, messages could be transmitted instantaneously. The first message was, famously, that â€Å"a treaty of peace has been signed between Austria and Prussia† (History Magazine n/d, â€Å"Third Time Lucky†, para. 3). As concerns other inventions in the sphere of telegraphy, the stock ticker machine was invented in 1867 by Edward Callahan that made stock prices immediately available over the telegraph (National Public Radio, 2006). Important developments took place in the chemical industry, as various forms of plastic were experimented with. For example, John Wesley Hyatt invented celluloid as a substitute for the ivory in billiard balls in 1868 (Muccio 1991). Telephone was invented in the decade to follow. Oil industry was consolidating quickly, as the demand for petroleum was growing continuously. John Rockefeller was buying oil refineries, oilfields and pipelines. By the end of the decade, he has controlled 90 per cent of the industry. His company, Standard Oil, was a pioneer in many respects, most notably in logistics and organizational design, in modern terminology. Predecessors of Standard Oil used railroad tank cars to transport oil over large distances, which was time consuming and costly; Rockefeller’s company connected Pennsylvanian oilfields with refineries in New Jersey, Cleveland, Philadelphia and Baltimore by pipelines. In term of organizational design, corporations had a limited ability to do business across the state lines in those times, so Standard Oil decided to use a central trust that owned and coordinated subsidiary companies that were legally independent. This development (and resulting monopolization of other industries) led the U. S. to pass the first antitrust legislation a decade later (Cowan 1997). However, it is necessary to acknowledge that many scientific breaktroughs of the decade were made by European scientists and inventors, such as speed of light measurement, laws of genetics, automobile, and dynamite. Since the first half of the decade was marked by the Civil War, advances in infrastructure and improvements in general living conditions decelerated. Yet a crucial event in the history of American transportation occurred in 1869 when the Transcontinental Railroad was formed by joining of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads (Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco n/d). All of the aforementioned technological developments were accompanied by dramatic changes in the social structure of the society. The period after the Civil War was marked by rapidly increasing urbanization. However, sewage facilities and housing conditions at those times were inadequate as cities struggled to cope with growing populations. Therefore, epidemics of diseases (such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever) were common. Yet important advances in sewage technologies were made. As the University of Colorado at Boulder (2009) informs, â€Å"sewered population [in the United States] increased from 1 million in 1860 to 25 million by 1900† (p. 1). Moreover, pit privies and open ditches were being replaced by buried sewers. However, wastewater was mostly diluted into rivers and other bodies of water; the first important breakthroughs in waste water management occurred at the very end of the 19th century. Overall, the decade of 1860-1870 can be described as a turbulent one. Although major inventions and discoveries were made in the Old World, the U. S. continued to develop, industrialize, and urbanize. Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. A Social History of American Technology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print. History Magazine. â€Å"The Transatlantic Cable. † N/d. Web. May 8, 2010. Muccio, Edward A. Plastic Part Technology. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1991. Print. National Public Radio. â€Å"The Stock Ticker Turns 139. † November 15, 2006. Web. May 8, 2010. The University of Colorado at Boulder. â€Å"History of Wastewater Treatment in the U. S. † Spring 2009. Web. May 8, 2010. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. â€Å"Driving the Last Spike. † N/d. Web. May 8, 2010. Western Union. â€Å"History. † 2009. Web. May 8, 2010.

Cause and effect

OK, now we’re getting into something fun, the cause and effect essay. The cause and effect essay will train you to call and respond. For example, if you’re arguing about why cigarettes are detrimental to health, you can’t just say cigarettes cause lung cancer and move on to the next subject. You must respond to that statement and tell the reader why cigarettes cause lung cancer: Call-Response. That said, the most important members of the who, what, when, where, why gang are what and why, and these are the two points we deal with most in cause and effect essays. The overlying message of your essay will be one huge â€Å"why† (cause) followed by one huge â€Å"what† (effect). We are in the world of relationships, how one thing affects another thing. Your thesis will concentrate on the effect, the consequences of the cause. So we’re actually going to work back in time from effect to cause; therefore, we are not dealing with chronological order here but with the emphatic order or order of importance. Yes, the cause does lead to the effect, but the effect is the main point of your thesis with the cause, your argument. Let’s look at a simple example: By drinking enough martinis, I will soon destroy my liver. Cause (why): By drinking enough martinis Effect (what): I will soon destroy my liver See? Drinking martinis answers â€Å"why,† and â€Å"what â€Å"is answered by my soon-to-be destroyed liver. So the actual topic of your essay is the martini. Your opinion or slant on the topic: drink enough of them and you will destroy your liver. So your plan of development or three points of argument will be based on reasons â€Å"why† drinking martinis destroys the liver. You must prove that the cause leads to the effect. Now don’t be fooled by a post hoc fallacy. The American Heritage Dictionary defines post hoc as â€Å"in or of the form of an argument in which one event is asserted to be the cause of a later event simply by the virtue of having happened earlier. † The cause must yield the effect. Because you threw salt over your shoulder before an airplane flight and then had a safe flight, there is no evidence that the salt over the shoulder is the reason your flight was safe. Capish? You MUST back up your claim with a good argument and references that back up your argument. Here are some essential rules for this essay: You must offer at least two works cited You must have at least one quotation from our readings, properly cited. Your essay must be typed in proper MLA format The checklists and outline in this packet must be filled out and handed in You will hand in early rough drafts with your essay You will read, or have another student read, your opening paragraph to the class. *Please see the â€Å"Checklist for Required Work†: for more on this, later in this handout. Here is your essay prompt: What incident, event, or occurrence happened in your life that made you realize you are different from other people? Essay Review: What is expected in the basic essay. Introductory Paragraph Introduction Plan of development: points 1. 2. 3 Thesis Statement The introduction must attract the reader. The plan of development is a list of points that support the thesis. The points are offered in the order they are given. Thesis: the main idea in two parts: topic and your opinion. First Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 1) Specific evidence The topic sentence is the first supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence delves into you topic sentence Second Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 2) Specific evidence The topic sentence advances the second supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence develops that point. Third Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 3) Specific evidence The topic sentence advances the third supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence develops that point. Concluding Paragraph Summary, conclusion or both A summary is a broad restatement of the thesis and its main points. A Conclusion is a final thought or tow stemming from the subject of the paper. Common Methods of Introduction. 1. Broad Statement: Using factory work as an example, you might start out by saying the following: Working in a factory might be one of the worst jobs. And then you go into the specific factory that you’re writing about, for example, an egg factory. 2. Contrast: Start with an idea that is the opposite of the one you will develop: working in an office is a nice, clean job. You have comfortable chairs, a desk, a computer, a cup of coffee nearby, but working in a factory does not have the niceties found in an office. 3. Relevance: What makes your topic special? Convince the reader that the topic applies to them or is important. So many of our ancestors, when they first came to this country, found themselves working in factories. 4. Anecdote: An interesting short story that coaxes the reader into the world of your essay. The story should be related to your thesis. I once met a man named Victor who was missing two of his fingers. Victor told me that he lost his fingers because of an accident at work. He caught his hand in the wheels of a conveyor belt at the egg factory where he worked. 5. Quotation: Quote something from your research, or find a dictionary quote that relates to your topic: â€Å"Perhaps it seemed to me,† Wrote Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any time for that one† (342). This is how I felt after working in an egg factory for two years. I had other lives to live. I had wasted enough of my life here. Concluding Paragraph The concluding paragraph should summarize the essay by restating the thesis and even restating the main supporting points. Also, the conclusion brings your paper to a graceful end, leaving the reader with a final thought on the subject. Here is where you get to offer your opinion on the subject. Three Ways to Conclude You Paper using La Jolla Shores (a local beach) as an example. 1. End with a summary or final thought: La Jolla Shores, then, is one of the most inviting beaches in San Diego. The beaches there are wider, cleaner, and safer. It is not surprising that a growing number of San Diegans are traveling to La Jolla Shores to experience this great beach. 2. A thought-provoking question: Appeal to the reader that your subject is bigger than your essay. Comment on any one of these: The future Which choice should be made Why is your subject important Wouldn’t La Jolla Shores be the beach of choice for anyone who wants to experience an enjoyable day by the ocean? 3. A prediction or recommendation Even with its growing popularity, La Jolla Shores will always be the most pleasant beach experiences San Diego has to offer. Outline Form for Essays

000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

000 - Essay Example Moreover, this thesis looks more like a fact which cannot be argued. Yes, new power sources for cars appear, such as electric batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. But no one can argue that, this statement won’t cause a debate. The author could have restated the thesis and make it more debatable. For instance, â€Å"the appearance of these new power sources in the auto industry generates a number of questions concerning safety, effectiveness and convenience of their usage†. And then the author would continue his/her essay, describing pros and cons of these new sources. In this essay there are some good justifications that using electric engines and hydrogen fuel cells might be inconvenient and even dangerous. 2) The author’s counterarguments are the disadvantages of new power sources for cars. Throughout the author’s main point is that gas energy won’t be used in the near future, because it is expensive and pollutes the nature. He/she argues that electric engines and hydrogen fuel cells are better choices. There are some counterarguments, but they are scattered throughout the essay. The author claims, that despite the benefits of new sources, some problems may arise. With electric cars the problem is, firstly, the exorbitant price, and secondly, the need to charge it all the time. In the case of hydrogen fuel cells, the gallons might be explosive, so there is a need for a proper tool to fuel a car. The counterarguments are real – they are stated facts. 3) According to Joining Academic Conversations, there are several types of arguments: arguments from the heart, arguments based on value, on facts and reason, on character, proposals, stylish and humorous arguments. On the whole, I would say that his essay does not deserve the highest mark. It does not meet the standards of MLA format. Moreover, the thesis needs some revision, because it is simply restating a fact. And I would change the

A Bright New Boise Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Bright New Boise - Movie Review Example The play was filmed was perceived to win the hearts of many faithful believers in the performance, and was aimed to create awareness for the people to be prepared of the coming back of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it advocates for the people to repent and be prepared to the end of the earth, or the start of the spiritual judgments. The play was timely, as it coincided during the current times of rise of religious crusading in America. This includes the crisis in religious arena such as the rivalry between the Christians and Muslims, or the competing churches, where the play advocates for deliverance from the church crisis. The major themes of the play were to create the notions among the faithful and families to make human connections. However, this paper is objected at reviewing the play on the way it achieved it thematic goals, especially the approaches used to create impact among the audience. The setting of the play starts in the break room of the Hobby Lobby craft stores in the Idah o, where Will applied for a job after a tragic scandal in his home village town, which involved his evangelical church. In the Hobby Lobby, Will meets his teenage boy, whom he left when he was a baby, particularly the Day of Reckoning.

Contrast in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Contrast in Nigeria Essay The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast in Nigeria to that in the United States. The emergence, development, and settlement of ethnic conflict are related to the cultural, legal, and socioeconomic conditions in which a conflict takes place. These conditions are strikingly different in developed and developing countries. One more mediating factor in the cross-national study of ethnic conflict is the attitudes towards conflict in a society. Therefore, this paper will start with analyzing societies in the U. S. and Nigeria as well as their histories. The U. S. is the world largest economy and a country with a strong tradition of democracy. Its uniqueness is associated with the fact that the U. S. is an immigrant nation. Although ethnic conflicts were (and still remain, to a certain extent) frequent and acute, the American society has found effective ways to resolve such conflicts. The government of the U. S. tries to prevent conflicts between different ethnic groups, ensure equality, and promote tolerance. On the contrary, Nigeria is a poorer country with GDP per capita being only $2,000 (in the U. S. this figure is $45,800). However, it is Africa’s most populous country. Almost half of the population is under the age of fourteen. Mortality from AIDS is high (the percentage of people living with HIV is 5. 4%), and healthcare is inadequate. The country is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups, the following groups are the most influential: Hausa and Fulani (29%), Yoruba (21%), Igbo (18%), Ijaw (10%), Kanuri (4%), Ibibio (3. 5%), and Tiv (2. 5%) half a population are Muslim, Christians constitute 40% of the total population, and indigenous believers account for the remaining 10% (CIA, 2008). Waters (1996) suggests studying the following questions in order to understand cross-cultural perspectives on ethnic conflict: the meanings of ethnic identities (whether they are oppositional identities, immigrant identities, or symbolic identities); the attitude of ethnic groups to the state (whether they trust the institutions of the state to be fair and honest, whether these institution perpetuate oppression, whether the state is perceived by ethnic groups an instrument of power to be employed by their own group or another group or as a neutral arbiter); and the perceptions on hate crimes, violence, and intergroup encounters (whether they are seen as temporary, accidental and individualized, or as permanent, systematic, and institutionalized). In the U. S. , many people coming from other countries perceive themselves as immigrants at the initial stages of integration, yet eventually they accept their new, American identity. The overarching nature of American identity prevents the creation of sharply oppositional identities. However, double identities (such as African Americans or Hispanic Americans) remain string and may become a basis for ethnic conflict. However, the state directs a lot of effort and resources on preventing ethnic conflict. While the general view on the state’s handling of racial issues is generally positive, racism in entrenched in the social system, and there are even accusations of institutional racism. The unique feature about the American society is that it has an experience of successful resolution of ethnic conflicts, such as the movement for equal rights between Black and White citizens or governmental programmes to support Mexican immigrants. The risk of ethnic conflict in Nigeria is much higher than in the United States. In 1999, frequent clashes were taking place between Yoruba and Hausa ethnic groups. This conflict was the legacy of the British colonial rule: ‘Nigeria was brought into being under British colonial rule, when in the early 1900s Lord Lugard forged together the Moslem Northern protectorate and the Southern Christian sphere’ (Mason, 1999, para. 9). Regionalism was encouraged at that time: the country was divided into three self-governing regions based on ethnic allegiance, such as the western region (dominated by Yoruba), the northern region (mainly Hausa and Fulani), and the eastern region (mainly Igbo). ‘[T]he separate governments were designed to strengthen the colonial grip on Nigerian society and weaken the peoples potentials for resistance’ (Irobi, 2005, ‘Second Case: Nigeria,’ para. 2). The attempts of the Nigerian government to create a fully functional federal state have had limited success following the independence. Ethnic clashes turned into a civil war when Igbos attempt to form an independent state called Biafra. Nigeria took over Biafra in 1970 and maintained territorial integrity, but the conflict remained unresolved. There were incidents of sectarian violence in 2004. More recently, the conflict has centered in the oil-rich Niger Delta region. Access to oil revenue and environmental pollution are the main reasons for clashes. The government is perceived as hostile by Delta communities who used to prosper historically from the natural richness of their homeland. The clashes occur between two local ethnic groups, Itsekiris and Ijaw. Cases of vandalism are frequent; the conflict has been especially acute in 2004 when Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force threatened to destroy oil facilities and infrastructure in the region. In 2005, employees of Shell were kidnapped by the Iduwini National Movement for Peace and Development. In 2006, the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger River Delta continued the attacks on Shell decreasing the oil production by three quarters. All these groups demand international companies and the government to take appropriate care of the region’s environmental situation and contribute to the region’s development (GlobalSecurity, n/d). As concerns ethnic identities in Niger Delta, they are fluid and dynamic: inhabitants of the region are quick to reconstruct their identities influenced by political opportunities and economic inducements. However, the inhabitants of the region can be regarded as having a common regional oppositional identity. The government is perceived as an inimical body responsible for the ethnic unrest: ‘When citizens perceive that the system has failed to provide essential political or economic goods, they are more likely to gravitate to communal identities and to pursue contentious mobilization’ (Lewis, 2004, ‘Abstract’). Summing up, there are several features which are typical for ethnic conflict in Nigeria, as well as the rest of Africa, namely ‘the demand for ethnic and cultural autonomy, competing demands for land, money and power, and conflicts taking place between rival ethnic groups’ (Irobi, 2005, ‘Introduction,’ para. 6). Therefore, there are many differences between the U. S. and Nigeria in terms of interethnic relations. The most significant differences are the role of the government in conflict management and the creation of oppositional identities as contrasted with an overarching American identity. References CIA. (2008). ‘The World Factbook: Nigeria. ’ Retrieved August 26, 2008, from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni. html GlobalSecurity. (N/d). ‘Niger Delta. ’ Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/world/war/nigeria-2. htm Irobi, E. G. (2005). ‘Ethnic Conflict Management in Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Nigeria and South Africa. ’ Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://www. beyondintractability. org/case_studies/nigeria_south-africa. jsp? nid=6720 Lewis, P. (2004). ‘Identity and Conflict in Nigerias Niger Delta: New Evidence from Attitude Surveys. ’ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p59519_index. html Mason, B. (1999). ‘Ethnic conflict escalates in Nigeria. ’ Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://www. wsws. org/articles/1999/aug1999/nig-a17. shtml Waters, M. C. (1996). ‘Ethnic and racial groups in the USA: Conflict and cooperation. ’ In Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world, ed. Rupesinghe, K, Tishkov, V. A. Retrieved August 26, 2008, from http://www. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu12ee/uu12ee0o. htm

Pro-Choice Argument Essay -- Abortion, Argumentative, Pro-Choice 2014

Thou shalt not kill; one-tenth of what may arguably be the most famous guidelines of morality in the western culture, and also the main driving force for pro-life advocates. The argument supporting their beliefs typically starts with the premises that a fetus is a person, and to destroy or to kill a person is unethical. Therefore abortion, the premeditated destruction of a human being, is murder, and consequently unethical. I deny the fact that the fetus, what I will refer to as an embryo up to 22 weeks old, has the right to live. The opposing argument is invalid because a fetus, although perhaps a part of human species, is not formally a person. This leaves it simply to be a part of the woman?s body, whose fate lies solely in the hands of the pregnant woman alone, no different from a tumor she might have. By proving this, the abortion debate then becomes an issue of women?s rights, something that is most controversial indeed. Furthermore, it is fair to question the credibility of many people against abortion because of obvious contradictions in the logic of their belief systems. The fact that this debate is relevant in modern society is ludicrous since there is a simple and plausible solution to this problem that could potentially end the debate for good, leaving both sides satisfied. In order for the pro-life argument to be valid, it must have both a true premise and true conclusion. It falls short of validity by assuming that a fetus up to 22 weeks old is a person, and has its own rights independent of its host, or what we often refer to as its mother. First we must recognize the subtle, yet extremely important distinction between a human being and a person. It is obvious that a fetus is a member of the human ... ...erty and Human Rights? Ethics & International Affairs, Volume 19, No. 1 Spring 2013. Web 14 April 2014 . ?Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050? U.S. Census Bureau 26 April 2012. Web 8 April 2014 . ?Teen Pregnancy ? So What teenpregnancy.org Feb 2014. Web 8 April 2014 . Connolly, Ceci ?As Teen Pregnancy Dropped, So Did Child Poverty? Washington Post 9 Jan 2014. Web 14 April 2014 ?113th Congress Scorecard? WAND Web 14 April 2014 . ?His and Her Demographics: Women and Men 2010? U.S. Census Bureau Web 14 April 2014.